Treason — acts that deliberately and seriously endanger the sovereignty, the territorial integrity, the constitutional order, the food security, the health, or the survival capacity of the Irish nation, undertaken knowingly and for the benefit of a foreign power, a private interest, or against the interests of the Irish people — is the gravest offence under this constitution. It shall be investigated, prosecuted, and punished with a severity proportionate to its gravity, through processes that nonetheless preserve the full rights of fair trial established in Article 40.