A woman is an adult human female. Female is defined by biological sex — the reproductive anatomy, chromosomal pattern, and physiological characteristics that are determined at conception and expressed through development. A girl is a juvenile human female. These definitions are grounded in biological reality, are not subject to self-declaration, and may not be altered by any law, regulation, policy, or personal assertion.
No legal instrument, medical certificate, or administrative process shall alter a person’s biological sex for the purposes of access to women’s spaces, women’s sports, women’s healthcare, or any other provision of this constitution or Irish law that applies specifically to females. Women’s spaces — including but not limited to changing rooms, refuges, prisons, hospital wards, and competitive sports categories — are defined by biological sex and may be maintained on that basis by any institution, organisation, or individual without legal penalty.
Intersex conditions — rare biological variations in sexual development — are recognised and respected. Persons with intersex conditions shall be treated with dignity and their specific medical and legal needs addressed compassionately by law. The existence of intersex conditions does not alter or undermine the definition of biological sex as the basis for the legal definition of woman.
See also Article 27 on the prohibition on discrimination in appointments and opportunities.